Othello - Deception and Vision Essay - 1500 Words

Deception and Vision in Shakespeare’s Othello Walter Scott once stated, â€Å"Oh, what a tangled web we weave... when first we practice to deceive† (Quotation). Scott’s statement is overwhelmingly evident in William Shakespeares Othello. Deception is a reoccurring theme in Othello, that touches each character individually and on various levels. The theme that affects Othello directly is vision. Vision is the â€Å"ocular proof† that Othello demands from Iago, and how his actions are based on what he hears rather than what he sees and knows to be true. Our first introduction to deception in Othello commences with Iagos self-centered plan for revenge on Othello. With his masterful skill of language Iago is able to lead characters to question not†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬Å"Others in the play (but not his wife) accept for a time his protestations of downright honesty †¦ but the audience has never had any excuse for thinking of him as anything better than a dangerous hypocrite.† (Moore 190). Iago deceives Othello into thinking he is a loyal friend for making him aware of Desdemonas sins. Iago expresses his relief in being able to speak openly and honestly with Othello, â€Å"I am glad of this, for now I shall have reason/ To show the love and duty that I bear you† (Oth. 3.3.224-225), although everything Iago proclaims as the truth is a lie. Othellos deceit is so thorough that he believes Iago when he suggests that it is his â€Å"duty† to murder his wife. By this time Othello is unable to think rationally, he honestly believes that he must murder Desdemona so that she cannot commit the same act upon other men. The handkerchief planted by Iago is visual deception which leads Othello to again question his relationship. In Othello much of the deception that takes place is an effect of what people do not see and rather, what they hear. Through Iagos use of language, he is able to deceive each character. Cassios loss of his lieutenant position is brought about by Iagos story that he relays to Othello, â€Å"Cassio, I love thee/ But nevermore be an officer of mine† (Oth. 2.3.264-265). Without Othello everShow MoreRelatedDangers Of Jealousy In Othello1289 Words   |  6 PagesShakespearean play â€Å"Othello† examines the role jealousy plays in relationships and everyday life. Before the play opens, Cassio has been promoted to Lieutenant in the Venetian army by his long-time friend General Othello. Iago is upset by this act of spoil system and swears revenge on Othello and Cassio. The play follows Iago’s plan of vengeance from the day after the promotion and Othello’s engagement to Desdemona, where it first takes root, to the deaths of Roderigo, Desdemona, Emilia, and Othell o and theRead MoreShakespeare s Much Ado About Nothing, Othello, And A Winter s Tale1549 Words   |  7 Pages2015 Perception of Evidence In Much Ado About Nothing, Othello, and A Winter’s Tale, William Shakespeare shows the shift in which in which perception becomes knowledge. As a thing becomes known, through one sense or another, it is filtered through the mind, and then emerges as knowledge. Shakespeare examines this process, focusing on the ways in which we unconsciously influence the formation of knowledge. 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In Othello and The Tragical History of Dr. Faustus shows how deception changes the identity of individuals and the outcome of certain events. There is a juxtaposition between the characters of Iago and Faustus, whom use their human autonomy to manipulate the sequence of events in each work. By deceiving themselves or the characters around them thereRead MoreAnalysis Of Shakespeare s Othello 1131 Words   |  5 PagesAn Analysis of Othello by Shakespeare Shakespeare is known for his use of recurring themes throughout his work, including love, death and betrayal. These themes are present in his work of Othello. However, the most fundamental issue is jealousy. The lives of the characthers in Othello are ruined by jealousy from the beginning to the end of the play. The telling of the story is carried out by passion, jealousy, and death. Shakespeare’s Othello reveals devastating tragic inevitability, stunning psychologicalRead More Manipulation In Othello And Dr. Faustus Essay3620 Words   |  15 Pages The art of deception nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The art of deception many times changes the current conditions or plays a significant role in the end result of literary works. In Othello and The Tragical History of Dr. Faustus shows how deception changes the identity of individuals and the outcome of certain events. There is a juxtaposition between the characters of Iago and Faustus, whom use their human autonomy to manipulate the sequence of events in each work. By deceiving themselves orRead MoreEssay on The Role of the Opening Act of William Shakespeares Othello1819 Words   |  8 PagesThe Role of the Opening Act of William Shakespeares Othello The play Othello portrays the story of the protagonist Othello (The Moor) and his loved one- Desdemona- and his struggles to overcome a racist society in 17th century Venice. In the meantime Iago, one of Othello’s closest friends’ plots revenge on him, as Othello passed him over for an important position in the army and gave it to Cassio, an outsider from Florence. The outcome of the play reveals that Iago’sRead MoreOthello, By William Shakespeare1599 Words   |  7 Pages William Shakespeare’s 16th century play Othello is a duplicitous and fraudulent tale set alternatingly between Venice in act 1, and the island of Cyprus thereafter. The play follows the scandalous marriage between protagonist Othello, a Christian moore and the general of the army of Venice, and Desdemona, a respected and intelligent woman who also happens to be the daughter of the Venetian Senator Brabantio. Shakespeare undoubtedly positions the marriage to be viewed as heroic and noble, despiteRead More The Character of Iago in Shakespeares Othello Essay1865 Words   |  8 PagesIago in Othello      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   No one has ever failed to appreciate the skilled art with which Shakespeare has defined the characters of his plays; great and small alike, their distinctiveness, their dignity, their misery, and their integrity are captured and displayed.   In particular the depiction of certain characters in Othello have been universally acclaimed.   Identified by many scholars as one of Shakespeare great tragedies, along with Hamlet, Macbeth, and King Lear, Othello follows aRead MoreEssay about Updating the Setting of Shakespeares Othello2062 Words   |  9 Pagesof Brotherly Love, is almost ironic as crime and hate fill the streets of the city. There is a division between the people that can not be hidden, but only exaggerated by people’s interactions. This is the setting in which the Shakespearian play â€Å"Othello† will be interpreted. This modernization of this classic tragedy will be more appealing to the youth of today, who will be able to re late more to the characters and the setting of the play. The changes to the plot and the language of the play are

Financial Analysis Of The Bank - 741 Words

Ekaterina Antonova Financial Analysis of the Bank as at 31 December 2013 Business description and operating environment The Bank provides universal banking services with core activities in corporate and retail banking. The rapid increase in total assets by 72%, customer deposits by 64% and net loans by 70% over 1Q 2013 suggests that the Bank merged with another bank. While competition in the Polish banking sector remains intense, the merged bank is likely to benefit from a more diversified revenue structure, stronger origination capacity and some cost benefits. The Bank had total assets of PLN 106.1bn (EUR 25.6bn), equity of PLN 14.5bn (EUR 3.5bn) and generated net income of PLN 2.0bn (EUR 477m) in 2013. In the latest Regional Economic Prospects Update , EBRD expects that Poland’s recovery will continue to accelerate, following last year’s expansion by 1.6%. Supported by positive trends in the labour market, improving external demand and healthier credit conditions, the economy is set to grow by 2.8 % this year and next. Margins/Profitability The bank has sound revenue structure, with net interest income and net commission and fee income accounting for 54% and 29% of total operating income (before provisions) in 2013. Dependency on volatile income from trading activities is limited, contributing 3% to operating income. Net income increased by 37% over the year mainly because of the merger as return on average assets remained stable at 2.4%. While remaining strong, netShow MoreRelatedFinancial Analysis Of Bank Of Queensland1873 Words   |  8 PagesABSTRACT The purpose of this report is to provide a financial analysis of Bank of Queensland (BOQ) taking into consideration its competitive strategic responses, corporate governance and its overall financial performance. 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Is the most important nutritional Ergogenic Aid for athletes water Free Essays

string(204) " may not be very different from those in warmer environments this could possibly be because of different intensities in which the athletes are training and even the type of clothing worn by the athletes\." Introduction Water is the most plentiful compound in the human body. All biomechanical reactions occur in water, and the water is an active contributor in these reactions. Water is the most important nutrient for the human body. We will write a custom essay sample on Is the most important nutritional Ergogenic Aid for athletes water? or any similar topic only for you Order Now In line with oxygen humans need water to survive. The human body is made up of 2/3 of water, which means it is vital that to take in as much water as you can. Water practically fills every space in the body’s cells and even between them. Water molecules don’t only fill space in the cells; it also helps form structures of macromolecules such as protein and glycogen. Water is deemed to be the primary fluid in the body, which serves as a solvent for minerals, vitamins and glucose and many other nutrients which are required for the body. Drinking water regularly helps keep our bodies healthy, and it is essential for many functions of the body for example it helps with digestion, regulation of body temperature, blood circulation, the carrying of nutrients and oxygen to the cells within the body, and it also helps to remove toxins from the body. There is no system in our bodies that does not depend on water from energy production; joint lubrication to reproduction water is a n essential nutrient. Most importantly consuming water throughout the day will prevent dehydration. By consuming water daily it helps the body maintain its regular functions easily and effectively. A 2% loss in water surrounding our cells can result in a 20% drop in energy levels, this leads to a drop in blood volume, when this occurs the heart has to work harder in order to move blood through the bloodstream. Consuming water regularly keeps the body hydrated. Dehydration can occur in any athlete and can have detrimental effects on their body’s functions. When an athlete is dehydrated their body has to work twice as hard to ration and distribute the amount of water available. Staying properly hydrated can delay fatigue and muscle soreness. Sweat evaporation provides the most important possibility of heat loss during vigorous exercise in warm hot weather, for that reason sweat loss can be important. As well as containing water sweat also contains electrolytes, which are also lost during vigorous exercise. It has been proven time after time that athletes are using ergogenic aids, to aid their performance in any slight way at all, in the hope of achieving an edge on their opponent. Some people tend to classify Ergogenic aids as only drug use, and there are techniques used in sport to increase energy production and performance. There are those which are used regularly and safely e.g. nutritional and psychological, but there are these types of aids like electrolyte solutions vitamins and stress management that are over looked more so than for several years are the pharmacologic and physiological aids, such as doping and steroids etc. Water is classified as an ergogenic aid, because when a well hydrated athlete for example in a football match, is up against an athlete which did not take on as much fluid, then the better hydrated athlete already has an edge over their opponent. Throughout this review it aims to address the rationale behind volume of fluid intake, the electrolytes and amount of sodium (Na+) needed to rehydrate athletes in enough time to regain hydration before their next training session. Main body Water and electrolyte balance are critical for the function of all organs and, indeed, for maintaining health in general (Sawka, 1988 Mack et al, 1996). Water is the intermediate for biomechanical reactions within cell tissues and is necessary for maintaining an adequate blood volume and consequently the integrity of the cardiovascular system. The body reallocates water within its fluid compartments so that it can provide a reservoir to reduce the effects of water shortage. People often mistake being dehydrated during exercise in the heat to the difference of thirst and their fluid requirements. Athletes perform physical activity throughout a range of environmental conditions, for example, the temperature, humidity, the sun and wind exposure. All depending on one person’s metabolic rate, the environmental conditions plus the clothes in which the athlete is wearing during exercise can have and stimulate significant rise in body temperature. Because sweat is a hypotonic solutio n, in heat-acclimatized distance runners have low sodium chloride content, but sodium chloride losses during prolonged exercise are comparatively minor, in which they do not pose a threat to an athlete’s health as does the dehydration that attends the sweat losses. Consequently, Costill and Miller (1974) have stated that ‘during prolonged, heavy sweating, the need to replace body water is greater than any immediate demands for electrolytes’. When exercising in excess heat, and when the body temperature increases too much then performance will be reduced, an example would be the increase usage of muscle glycogen, which will potentially speed up fatigue. Due to the result in body temperature increasing this can have a consequence effect in premature fatigue, in fact due to the effect of an increase in temperature upon the brain. Sweat is invariably hypotonic relative to plasma, and the primary electrolyte present is sodium, the major cation present in the extracellular space (Maughan et al, 2000). Water is not the only source of fluid lost when sweating, electrolytes and other solutes are also lost. When an athlete exercises in warm weather and a huge amount of sweat it lost then this may lead to an increase in plasma osmolality and to hypernatraemia. Athletes may tend to think that training in a cooler environment may reduce their risk of dehydration, this in fact is not the case as, Rehrer and Burke (1996) has reported mean sweat rates of 1000ml h71 for football players at an ambient temperature of 108C, with a slightly higher mean sweat rate (1200ml h71) at 258C. This suggests that average sweat rates in cool conditions may not be very different from those in warmer environments this could possibly be because of different intensities in which the athletes are training and even the type of clothing worn by the athletes. You read "Is the most important nutritional Ergogenic Aid for athletes water?" in category "Essay examples" But there is little evidence to prove that training in cooler environments reduces sweating. There have been a few studies in which athletes were tested for their fluid losses on warmer conditions as it is harder to maintain fluid intake therefore there are more studies in this area more so than in cooler c onditions. Maughan et al (2004) also proposed a similar study which showed sweat losses when training in a cooler environment from those who trained in a comparable standard training but in much warmer conditions. There are some huge factors to accommodate with sweat loss, the intensity of the exercise, the state of fitness of the athlete and of course heat acclimation. Greenhaff and Clough (1989) suggest that, there is also a large inter-individual variability in both sweating rate and sweat composition, and this is apparent even when these factors are kept constant. Within Maughan et al, (2004) study there was also a comparison of salt and electrolyte composition in both warm and cooler conditions. It is evident that athletes training in warmer climates prefer to consume cooler drinks and at a larger volume, than those training in cooler climates. Maughan et al (2004) shows that the athletes training in cooler climates consumed lower levels of fluid and in his study while the thirst sensation was low during training in the cold, the extent of dehydration which occurred in the athletes was the same as those who were training in a warmer climate. Recently Coyle (2004) argued that the tolerable level of dehydration will depend on a number of variables, including the environmental conditions, the exercise duration and intensity, and the aerobic fitness and state of heat acclimation of the individual. Coyle (2004) and other researchers have shown that dehydration in any athlete of 1-2% may be tolerable in some temperature environments, but the loss of 2% may be more tolerable in cooler environments. Adolph et al (1948) in the earlier studies also suggested that completely replacing fluid losses in any athlete is not essential and that when the environment was less challenging (cooler) that their levels of dehydration were acceptable. Training in cold or hot climates any athlete who is already dehydrated by 2% pre-exercise may not be able to tolerate the loss of fluids when he/she begins exercising, which leads us to believe that the athlete should be well hydrated before exercising. The aim for any athlete is to minimise any ris k to health through dehydration, while trying to maximise their exercise performances. It is important for athletes to keep an eye on their dehydration state and the amount of fluid intake they have, they need a simple way of doing this. They cannot carry around a huge machine with them to training and matches. In today’s society there is no universally accepted field method that exists to determine if an athlete is well hydrated or not, but in saying that there are different techniques have been examined. It has been known to the athlete that one way of keeping an eye on their fluid intake is the use of urine colour, it is easy to use, and they can carry it in their training bags, although it is not supported by any serious scientific paper, it is still useful for athletes to keep themselves in check. It has been once said that you should monitor urine colour and your frequency of urination, pale yellow urine is a good sign that your are hydrated and that frequent urination is another positive sign that the athlete has a good amount of fluid within his/her body . Within Maughan et al (2004) study they show a mean osmolality from the athletes urine sample pre training was 872+177. Within the 17 elite soccer players, 6 players provided a high rate of osmolality, which shows that these players prior to the test has consumed a large volume of fluids, apart from these 6 players there was no significant difference between the pre-exercise urine sample and the volume of fluid consumed during training. Athletes who have exercised for a considerable amount of time and have lost a substantial amount of fluid and electrolytes are generally advised to rehydrate as soon as possible post exercise. It is essential that athletes who may have to conduct two training sessions in one day, that they have to replace the necessary fluids to rehydrate. It has been shown that to accomplish complete rehydration is to consume a greater volume of fluids that were lost during your exercise. Each body water compartment contains electrolytes, their concentration and compositions are significant for moving fluid between intracellular and extracellular compartments and are also used to maintain membrane electrochemical potentials. Mitchell et al (2000) showed that their primary findings into their investigation was that when 25 mM Na+ was consumed and compared to 50mM Na+, the Na+ content of the rehydration beverage did not influence whole body rehydration, on the other hand the ingestion of 150 vs. 100% of fluid lost significantly improved the level of rehydration. With the findings gathered they did not show any interaction between Na+ and volume was experimental. Although, the difference was in Na+ content and volume as it showed to have an effect on the level of extracellular vs. intracellular rehydration. There have been rehydration protocols which have all been designed to investigate the influence of electrolyte content and the fluid volume on speedy rehydration. There have been quite a few conflicting findings in regards to the amount of Na+ and volume necessary to produce the optimal rehydration. The protocols in which Maughan et al (2004) and Sheriffs et al (1996) presented included the ingestion of large volumes of fluid in a really short period of time their athletes consumed 2-3 liters of fluid in approximately 30-60 minutes. In comparison with Maughan and Sheriffs study, Mitchell et al (1999) study had their athletes consume either 100 or 150% fluid replacement over a 2.5 hour stage, which was consumed in consecutive intervals of 30 minutes. A number of studies have shown that, fluid replacement with any amount of Na+ less than 25 mM will not completely rehydrate any dehydrated athletes, therefore these findings show that the optimal level of Na+ is somewhere above 25 mM, in saying that Mitchell et al (1994) showed that when doubling the consumption to 50mM of Na+ that it actually did not improve rehydration. This leads us to believe that Na+ may not help with rehydration as shown in Mitchell et all (1994) is shows that the relatively large Na+ deficit in the high volume and low Na+ condition did not interfere with fluid restoration, since 100% rehydration was achieved. As there seems to be a disagreement in whether high or low Na+ consumption with a high or low volume consumption is in adequate, then this may be because in Mitchell ‘s (1994) study with 25 and 50 mM levels of Na+ were used, it may be due to 25 mM is a sufficient amount of Na+ and when this level of Na+ is increased that it may become a more powerful factor in extracellular rehydration, but scientists have to be aware that the subjects may not be able to consume a high amount of Na+ concentration, as it may not be palatable for them. Shirreffs et al (1996) found that subjects were still hypohydrated 6 hours after ingestion of a low sodium drink in an amount equivalent to 150 and 200% of their body weight. And is another case it showed the opposite effect when a high sodium drink was consumed. Kovacs et al (2002) showed in their study that a high rate of fluid ingestion resulted in a higher rate of plasma volume and fluid balance restoration during the first 4 hours of rehydration, keeping in mind that there were large amounts of urine excreted. Also in this study is was shown that when consuming a high carbohydrate-electrolyte solution at either a high or low rate did not result in a complete rehydration after the 6 hours allowed for recovery. Also in Kovacs et al (2002) study showed that sodium balance was negative in both of their trials, which suggests that sodium output was greater than sodium replacement. This shows an indication why the subjects were still dehydrated at the end of the experiment, even when the participants consumed fluids corresponding to 120% of sweat loss. Athletes need to take a much more controlled approach on their water intake whilst exercising. For example the ironman triathlon, athletes were encouraged to take on as much water as they possibly could when on their bikes. When the race was finished, a study bySpeedy et al (1999) reported that 18% of the 330 race finishers at the 1997 New Zealand Ironman triathlon were hyponatremic. This was due to excessive water drinking throughout the triathlon. In further studies of other triathlons also showed that some of the athletes were also hyponatremic. Hypernatraemia is caused by over hydrating in water and due to this the loss of Na+ from within the body is much high, John W Gardner (2002), showed that on a warm summer days in the military in 1995 there was a series of 9 cases of Hypernatraemia in healthy Marine Corps, some of their sodium levels dropped to a staggering 125mmol/l, whereas normal Na+ levels should range from 136-145. In conclusion it has been demonstrated that all athletes become dehydrated when exercising if they have not consumed enough fluids. Studies have shown that to regain 100% rehydration you need to consume 25 mM of Na+ and a 150% of fluids which are lost when exercising. When training sessions and competitions are days apart, it is easy for an athlete to regain rehydration, by consuming fluids and foods which provide fluids. The majority of papers show that dehydration can be harmful to athletes. Therefore they must replace fluids, electrolytes and Na+ to regain rehydrate. Although throughout my research there was some confusion into how much Na+ is needed to be completely hydrated, therefore I feel like there is much needed research into the amount of Na+ and fluid volume needed to rehydrate. Because hypernatraemia is a huge factor in athletes today, it is documented that athletes should have a controlled intake of fluids before, during and after training. References: Adolph, E.F. et al (1948). Physiology of Man in the Desert. New York: Hafner Publishing. Costill, D et al (1974). Water and Electrolyte Replacement during Repeated Days of Work in the Heat. Journal of Medicine Science. 7, 79. Coyle, E.F. (2004). Fluid and fuel intake during exercise. Journal of Sports Sciences. 22, 39–55. Gardner, J.W. (2002a). Death by water intoxication. Military Medicine. 5, 432-434. Greenhaff, P.L. and Clough, P.J. (1989). Predictors of sweat loss in man during prolonged exercise. European Journal of Applied Physiology. 58, 348 – 352. Kovacas, E. M et al, (2002). Effect of high and low rates of fluid intake on post-exercise rehydration. International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism. 12, 14–23. Mack GW and Nadel ER (1996). Body fluid balance during heat stress in humans. 187–214. Maughan, R.J, et al (2004). Fluid and electrolyte balance in elite male football (soccer) players training in a cool environment. Journal of Sports Sciences. 23, 73-79. Maughan, R.J. et al (2000). Fluids and electrolytes during exercise. Baltimore, MD: Williams Wilkins. pp. 413 – 424. Mitchell JB, et al (1994). The effect of volume ingested on rehydration and gastric emptying following exercise-induced dehydration. Medicine Science of Sports and Exercise. 26, 1135–1143. Rehrer, N.J. and Burke, L.M. (1996). Sweat losses during various sports. Australian Journal of Nutrition and Dietetics, 53, S13 – S16. Sawka, MN et al (1988). Body fluid responses and hypohydration during exercise heat stress. 227-66. Shirreffs, SM et al (1996). Post-exercise rehydration in man: effects of volume consumed and drink sodium content. Medicine of Sports and Exercise. 28, 1260–1271. Speedy, et al (1999). Hyponatremia in ultra distance triathletes. Medicine Science of Sports and Exercise. 31, 809-815. How to cite Is the most important nutritional Ergogenic Aid for athletes water?, Essay examples

Gender Diversity in Hospitality and Tourism†MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Gender Diversity in Hospitality and Tourism. Answer: Introduction: Status of women and gender diversity in the hospitality and tourism sector has been a concern among both academicians and practitioners. Maintenance of diversity at the workplace has emerged as one of the biggest challenges for the managers in tourism sector for fulfilling all the aims and objectives in an effective way. Over the past few years, there has been significant progress with respect to women reducing the gender gap in different position at hospitality industry (Madera, Dawson Neal, 2013). In fact, gender based discrimination has been regarded as the form of sex discrimination within the tourism and hospitality industry. Still, the male employees have dominated several positions in tourism and hospitality sector. The essay aims to analyze the significance of including gender diversity in hospitality sector. It will focus on assessing the kind of positive impact inclusion of female employee can have on the tourism and hospitality sector. On the other hand, the essay will al so look to highlight the amount of challenges tourism and hospitality sector have to face due to improper use of gender diversity. Over the past few decades, tourism and hospitality sector have achieved immense growth in the global market. Increasing income level of the people has also increased the amount of money invested into different luxurious activities. Recent survey has highlighted the fact that around $60 million tourists visited Australia from different parts of the world last year. It is around 27% higher than five years prior (Duncan, Scott Baum, 2013). Therefore, it has increased the significance of maintaining workforce diversity for handling the people from different geographical region. Hospitality and tourism sector have to deal with people from diverse culture, values and ethics. For that reason, inclusion of female employees allows organizations to deal with people from different cultural background. Tourism involves movement of people from their general surroundings to other places within or outside the country. For that reason, organizations in the tourism and hospitality sector need to foc us on providing proper support and service facilities. As per the World Travel and Tourism Council (WTTC), tourism and hospitality sector will create around 70 million jobs opportunity in next decade (Wttc.org, 2017). The tourism sector is expanding on an average 6.5% per year, which will increase the value of tourism and hospitality sector. In present times, around 70% of the total workforce in hospitality and tourism sector is women (Altinay, Paraskevas Jang, 2015). Therefore, the female employees perform majority of the responsibilities related to the hospitality and tourism sector. The 2015 report of WTTC has highlighted consequences of talent imbalances on the overall performance level of the organizations (Wttc.org, 2017). Specifically, inclusion of women in the managerial position has helped the hospitality and tourism sector to become more dynamic to handle increasing pressure of tourists. Inclusion of women has helped organizations to keep the motivational level of the employees at the desired level. Without proper support from all the employees, it will be very difficult for any organization to keep the satisfaction level of the customers at the desired level. It has also helped organizations from hospitality and tourism sector to provide more support and facilities to all the employees, which is likely to keep the motivational level of the employees. As per the article by Kapiki (2012), inclusion of women in the leadership roles has allowed the organizations to work with diverse aims and objectives. Almost all the prime organizations have able to increas e the sales volume in continues manner. Effective use of gender diversity has helped to enhance the satisfaction level of the customers, which has created direct impact on the employee turnover rate. It has been assessed that effective use of women employees has reduced the employee turnover rate by up to 22% in Australia. Therefore, it is also expected to create positive impact on the overall performance level of the organizations dealing in the hospitality and tourism sector. For that reason, it can be mentioned that effective use of female employees in the hospitality and tourism sector will increase the business level even further. As per the article by Obrador (2012), above-mentioned advantages have induced organizations to use more female employees for fulfilling the responsibilities of the operational process. On the other hand, improper use of female employees can actually affect the overall operational process of the employees. Firstly, biased recruitment process can encourage organizations to avoid specific gender regardless of talents. Therefore, it might affect the overall talent and skill level of the organizations, which will affect the performance level of the operational process. As highlighted by Sourouklis and Tsagdis (2013) around 78% of the unskilled labours are women in the hospitality and tourism industry. Therefore, organizations will face immense challenges in identifying suitable talents for performing daily work activities. Moreover, it will allow other organizations to use the opportunity of recruiting effective talents for the gaining competitive advantage in the market. Effective measur ement of the performance level of all the employees regardless of gender is also extremely crucial for achieving success in the market. Therefore, if organizations do not focus on measuring the performance level of female employees, it will discourage them to give their best at the workplace. Now, de-motivated or discouraged employees will induce organizations to invest more for the fulfilment of the operational process. As a result, it will increase the cost required for fulfilling the business process in an effective manner (Nickson, 2013). Proper assessment of performance level will allow the organizations to encourage all the present female employees to give their best at the workplace. Moreover, it also can hamper the present reputation level of the organizations dealing in the hospitality and tourism sector in a major way. Now, adverse impact on reputation is also likely to create negative impact on the overall business level. Di Pietro, Di Virgilio and Pantano (2012) have illustrated the fact that providing equal opportunity to the female employees in leadership position is also critical to the success of the organizations dealing in the hospitality and tourism sector. It will allow female employees to have a clear career enhancement path for the fulfilment of all the professional goals and objectives. For that reason, providing equal opportunity to the female employees is the best possible solution to use gender diversity in an effective way. For that reason, organizations dealing in the hospitality and tourism sector will have to focus on initiating different changes in the present HR guidelines (Han, 2013). Hospitality and tourism sector organizations can also focus on including different training and development session for both male and female employees to educate them about the significance of maintaining healthy workplace. It will allow organizations to avoid unnecessary situations in an effective way. Moreover, it will also help to educate male employees to develop a positive attitude towards the inclusion of female employees at various position of the organization (Richard, Kirby Chadwick, 2013). Over the years, several cases have been identified where female employees faced different sexual, physical and mental abuse at the workplace. It has created adverse impact on the inclusion of female employees perspective in a major way. Therefore, proper training and development will restrict male employees from committing such unethical activities at the workplace. On the other hand, it will help female employees to counter such situation in an effective way. Therefore, it will definitely help to maintain diversified workforce for the fulfilment of organizational responsibilities. Hospitality and tourism sector organizations have to focus on the development of the effective cross-cultural communicational system where employees can able to share their thoughts and values on a regular basis. It has been assessed that effective use of communicational structure can help the organization to spread the knowledge of performing any particular strategy (Tang, 2014). Therefore, it will also create positive impact on maintaining diversified workforce for the fulfilment of the business objectives. In addition, organizations also have to focus on maintaining all the lawsuits related to inclusion of female employees at the workplace. For instance, each guideline mentioned in the gender diversity act will have to perform to avoid any unnecessary challenges in performing all the responsibilities of the business process. Hence, it will eventually help to create positive impact on gaining competitive advantage in the market. Conclusion: The above illustration has emphasized the fact that inclusion of female employees is essential for fulfilling all the requirements related to the hospitality and tourism sector. Moreover, as the overall market is increasing in a significant manner, inclusion of female employees will allow handling customers from different cultural, ethical and geographical background. Therefore, it will help organizations dealing in the hospitality and tourism sector to achieve sustainable growth in the market. Moreover, utilization of female employees in the managerial position will help organizations to become more flexible in handling different obstacles in the business processes. It will help organizations to keep the satisfaction and motivational level of the entire workforce at the desired level, which will eventually create positive impact on achieving continues growth in the market. References: Altinay, L., Paraskevas, A., Jang, S. S. 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